| 翻訳と辞書 |
Bulla Felix
Bulla Felix was a legendary Italian bandit leader active around 205–207 AD,〔Thomas Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire: Myth and Reality'' (Routledge, 2004, originally published 1999 in German), p. 208.〕 during the reign of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus. He gathered a band of 600 men, among them runaway slaves and imperial freedmen, and eluded capture for more than two years despite pursuit by a force of Roman soldiers under the command of the emperor himself.〔Brent D. Shaw, "Bandits in the Roman Empire," in ''Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 366.〕
The story of Bulla Felix is told by the Greek historian and Roman senator Cassius Dio, and has several similarities to later legends of "good" bandits: Bulla "combined the attributes of Zorro and the Scarlet Pimpernel (he could never be caught) with a Robin Hood-like concern for social justice."〔Frank McLynn, ''Marcus Aurelius: A Life'' (Da Capo Press, 2009), p. 482.〕 Dio describes him as "never really seen when seen, never found when found, never caught when caught."〔Cassius Dio 77.10.2.〕 The Latin name ''Bulla Felix'' means roughly "Lucky Charm," and he is likely to be a composite or historical fiction.〔Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire: Myth and Reality,'' p. 111 (emphatically regarding Bulla Felix as a fiction); Christopher J. Fuhrmann, ''Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order'' (Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 135; Shaw, "Bandits in the Roman Empire," p. 366.〕
==Modus operandi==
According to Dio, Bulla Felix operated an extensive intelligence network tracking travel and transport into the port at Brundisium and out of Rome. He gathered information on the size of the party making a trip, and what they were carrying.〔Cassius Dio 77.10.2; Shaw, "Bandits in the Roman Empire," p. 366.〕 His band of 600 brigands included runaway slaves who had been mistreated, and a significant number of imperial freedmen, former slaves of the emperor's household who would have been skilled or educated, and who had been cheated of their compensation.〔Cassius Dio 77.10.5; Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire,'' pp. 116–117.〕 These imperial freedmen may have been ousted from privileged positions as a result of the civil wars following the death of Commodus, from which Septimius Severus had emerged to reign as emperor (193–211).〔Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire,'' p. 117.〕 Elsewhere, Dio indicates that a band of brigands with this kind of organizational capacity might also include men cashiered from the Praetorian Guard, the followers of usurpers, and those who had lost their property through confiscation during the civil wars. In Dio's view, the Severan reform of the Praetorian Guard that made it no longer a privilege of Italian youth left them at loose ends to become brigands and gladiators.〔Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire,'' p. 117.〕
Though engaging in highway robbery, Bulla Felix did not resort to killing, and took only part of his targets' wealth before he released them. When the party included artisans ''(technitai)'', he detained them for a time in order to make use of their services. After benefiting from their skills, he gave them a generous gift and let them go.〔Cassius Dio 77.10.3; Grünewald, ''Bandits in the Roman Empire,'' p. 113–114.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Bulla Felix」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|